The Forward Collision Avoidance (FCA) systems built into vehicles have special sensors to detect obstacles in the vehicle's path. These warning systems can identify specific obstacles in their path. More advanced systems can also detect pedestrians, cyclists, or large animals.
When the system detects an obstacle, such as a stopped car, it warns the driver of a head-on collision. The signal can be visual, audible, or such as seat vibration or brake pulsation.
If the driver does not react after the warning, the car can activate automatic emergency braking to reduce the vehicle's speed or stop it.
Forward Collision-Avoidance is part of Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems, or ADAS. So, the FCA calibration looks much the same as in other ADAS systems.
Calibration can be static or dynamic. Static procedures typically require the use of a scanning tool to begin the aiming process. Targets are then set in specific locations. Typically, the targets are metal and pyramidal so that the radar can detect them. A large open area is also required. Dynamic calibration usually requires the scanning device to be used while driving a vehicle under certain conditions and speeds. Rain or snow can slow down or completely stop the calibration procedures.
FCA is designed to help you drive. But it is not a substitute for your attention and focus. Forward collision warning systems do not control your vehicle at all times and do not brake automatically for you. The system may not work due to poor road conditions (e.g., heavy rain or snowfall, heavy fog or strong sunlight, nighttime, or roads with curves).
In addition, you may not receive a warning if the distance to the vehicle ahead is very short. Or the system may not work if the vehicle is moving too fast.